The x86 Memory

This will be a very brief explanation of how the memory works in a program.

This is how the memory layout looks like in a program:

image

Let’s get straight to our example


Example

Consider the following program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

char data[1000] = "Hi I go to the .data section of the memory because I am a global variable with a defined value aka initialzed variables";

char bss[100];
int also_inside_bss;
// These 2 variables are in the bss section of the memory because they are global variables with no defined values aka uninitialised variables

void main() {

    char hello[100] = "Hi I go to the stack because I'm a variable initialized inside a function";
    char *heap;
    heap = malloc(100);
    strcpy(heap, "Hi I am in the heap because I have been malloc'ed");
}

And this is how it all comes together!

image




Chapter 3: No eXecute (NX)

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